Liquid and solid fuel burner



Sept. 23, 1924. 1,509,356

. H. HUTCHISON LIQUID AND SOLID FUEL BURNER Filed Sept. 5, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 WITNESSES.

Sept. 23, 1 24. r 1,509,356

H. HUTCHISON LIQUID AND SOLID FUEL BURNER Filed Sept. 5, 1922 I5 Sheets-Sheet 2 50 W/rmsssss. QM 40%;.

Sept. 23, 1924.

H. HUTCHISON LIQUID AND SOLID FUEL BURNER Filed Sept. 5, 1922 5 Sheets-$heet 5 WW Maw Patented Sept. 23, 1924.

UNITED STATES 1,509,356 PATENT OFFICE.

HUGH HUTCHISON, 0F KILMARNOCK, SCOTLAND, ASSIGNOR TO HU'TGHISONS TUR- BINIA OIL BUBNERS LIMITED, OF GLASGOW, SCOTLAND.

LIQUID AND SOLID FUEL BURNER.

Application filed September 5, 1922. Serial no. 586,361.

in and Relating to Liquid and Solid Fuel Burners,

cation.

This invention relates to fuel burners of the type that comprises a fuel nozzle, a tuof which the following is a specifibular casing-surrounding the nozzle to form a space between itself and the nozzle for the passage of air, or steam or both (hereinafter referred to as the comminuting agent), and means in the said space for gyrating the comminuting agent (hereinafter referred to as the gyrating means).

Burners of this type have been proposed in which the gyrating means comprised a number of screw-like blades fixed upon the nozzle, or rotating thereon; other burners have been provided with a primary and secondary supply of the comminuting. agent; none of these former constructions have, however, been satisfactory with fuels of different grades, and more especially have they been unsatisfactory with the ex. reincly viscous oils that have recently come into use.

The object of the invention is to provide a burner of the type stated of improved construction suitable for different grades of fuel and such that the required degree of atomization and combustion of the fuel can be readily obtained.

The burner is suitable for liquid fuel but in some cases it may be used for pulverized orpowdered coal mixed or not with oil. When liquid fuel is used it is preferably heated to approximately its flash point and in this condition is acted on by the com minuting agent gyrated in the burner.

In order that the invention may be readily understood it will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein a form of the improved burner is illustrated by way of example. 1

Fig. 1 is a side elevation, Fig. 2 a plan (with the forward end in section on the hue X.X of Fig. 3% and Fig. 3 an end view of the burner. ig. 4: shows a detail.

Figs. 5 and 6 show two applications of the burner to the furnaces of steam generators.

. vaporizing chamber 20, and

On the drawings, 1 denotes the burner casing made in the form of a tubular elbow having an inlet for the comminuting agent at one end controlled by a throttle valve 2 which is adapted to be opened and closed by a lever 3 and to be locked in any position of adjustment by means of a thumb nut 4 screwed on a stud 5 projecting through a slot in the lever and capable of being turned to clamp the lever against movement. 6 is the fuel nozzle mounted in the burner casing by means of a flange 7 on the latter, and 8 is a plug cock for connecting the fuel nozzle with the fuel supply piping 9 (see Figs. 5 and 6).

In accordance with this invention the fuel nozzle is axially adjustable in the burner casing to vary the distance A. between its outlet and the burner outlet and it can be set in any adjusted position by screwing down a pinching screw 10 in a boss 11 on the caslng to engage a rod 12 projecting through the boss and slidable with the fuel nozzle. Surrounding the latter is a sleeve 13 which carries at its forward end a deflector 14 (hereinafter described) for rating the 'comminuting agent, said de ector being axially adjustable vwith the sleeve 13 in order to vary the distance B between it and the fuel nozzle outlet. At its rear end outside the casing the sleeve carries an arm 15 through an openin in which a stud 16 in the rear flange projects, said stud having nuts 17 and 18 thereon by rotating which the sleeve 13 and therefore the deflector 14: can be axially adjusted. The mouth of the fuel nozzle and the deflector are arranged within an inner tube 19 which is less in diameter than the internal diameter of the burner casing and is supported in the latter by radial webs; its bore constitutes a mixing and the surrounding space 21 between the tube and the interior wall of the casing serves for the passage of a secondary supply of the comminuting agent. The outlet end of the casing 1 and the outlet end of the tube 19 are preferably tapered and the tube is connected, by pins 22 slidable in slots 23 in the wall of the casing, with a saddle piece 24: by means of which it can be axially adjusted for the purpose of regulating the passage of the secondary supply of the comminuting agent.

From the foregoing it will be apparent flectors having di that the fuel nozzle, the deflector, and the i inner tube can all be adjusted independently from outside the burner casing while the burner is in operation whereby the best setting of these parts can be readily obtained under working conditions to produce thorough atomization and complete combustion of the fuel. The adjustment of the fuel nozzle adapts the burner for different grades of fuel for it is advisable to lessen the distance A as the viscosity of the fuel increases so a to reduce skin friction; the adjustment of the deflector to vary the distance B is most important because by this the comminuting agent in a state of gyration can be proper y presented to the fuel nozzle outlet so as 'to act effectively on the fuel; and the adjustment of the inner tube enables the secondary supply of the comminuting agent to be restricted when the flame of the burner is reduced.

The fuel nozzle is shown cut away angularly so as to present an elongated outlet for the fuel and thus increase the area of the outlet and the amount of fuel exposed to the action of the gyrating stream of the comminuting agent. The best results are obtained when the inclination and the length of the outlet correspond respectively to the inclination and width (at the tip) of the blades of the deflector 14 now to be described.

As shown in Fig. 4 the deflector comprises a central boss 25 and a number of narrow vanes or blades 26 extending radially therefrom. The blades which may be curved, or straight are each arranged at the root thereof at an angle with respect to the boss of from 25' to 35, the angle varying towards the tip in such manner that the comminuting agentwill be deflected inwards in a state of gyration towards the outlet from the fuel nozzle. With straight blades the flame of the burner assumes a substantially cylindrical form and with curved blades the flame tends spherical in form.

The deflector is can be easily; removed from the burner by simply brea ing the fuel pipe joint at the plug 8 and loosening the nuts holding the flange 7 whereu on the deflector can be withdrawn toget er with the fuel nozzle after which it can be removed and replaced, if desired, by another deflector having blades of different pitch. A number of deerently pitched blades are provided and one is selected havin blades pitched to suit the nature of the boiler or other furnace in connection with which the burner is to be employed. To give a long flame the angle 0 the blades with respJect to the axis of the boss will require to e less than for a shorter flame.

to become fixed on the sleeve 13 and the In Figs. 1-3 there is shown combined with the burner a heatin mufile comprising a short cylindrical casin 27 lined with fire brick 28 leaving a num er of air passages 29 (Fig. 3) extending longitudinally therebetween. The muflle is arran ed over the burner outlet and is provide with a circular valve 30 of the hit and miss type for the purpose of opening and closing said air passages 29. 31 is a screw for locking the valve in different positions of adjustment. 30 is a handle for turning the valve.

In operation, the comminuting agent, which is preferably low pressure air, enters the burner casing and is divided by the inner tube into a primary and secondary supply, the primary supply entering the mixing chamber 20 and being gyrated in its passage between the blades of the deflector and then sucking up and intimately mixing with the fuel from the fuel nozzle outlet, while the secondary supply passes through the space 21 and envelopes the mixture 1ssuing from the chamber 20. After the burner has been in operation a short time the lining 28 of the muflle and-the mixing chamber 20 become heated by the flame so that the mixture is vaporized before leaving the burner. Further, the secondary supply of the comminuting agent passing through the space 21 and the atmospheric air admitted through the passages 29 in the heating muflie are also heated. The amount of the comminuting agent passing to the burner can be regulated by the throttle 2, the fuel can be regulated by the plug cock 8, and the amount of air passing throu h the heating mufile can be regulated by t 1e valve 30 so as to give good results even when the flame is reduced to a minimum. As the comminuting agent passes the fuel nozzle outlet 6 it sucks up the proportion of fuel necessary for proper atomization so as to attain complete combustion.

In Fig. 5 the burner is shown arranged for heating a boiler furnace 32 by liquid fuel. The fuel is heated before reaching the burner by passing it through a tank 33 containing a steam coil 3& through which waste steam is circulated from the boiler. In Fig. 6 the burner is shown applied to a marine boiler 35 and in this case the oil fuel pipe 36 passes from the supply tank through the smoke box 37 so as to be heated by the waste ases. It is preferred to heat the oil to sue a degree that it reaches the fuel nozzle outlet at ap roximately its flash point and to this end t e oil ma be heated as described with reference to igs. 5 and 6 or in any other suitable manner.

When the burner is to be used for solid fuel in a finely powdered or pulverized condition and mixed with oil or not, as desired, the diameter of the fuel pipe and.

nozzle should be increased preferably about two to three times and the other parts increased in proportion.

What I claim is,:-

1. A fuel burner having, in combination, a tubular casing for the passage of a comminuting agent, a tube within said casing with a space between said casing and said tube whereby said agent is divided into a primary and a secondary supply, a fuel nozzle within said tubega device for gyrating said primary supply located behind said nozzle, a sleeve surrounding said nozzle and carrying said device, and means for moving said sleeve and said device longitudinally.

2. A fuel burner having, in combination, a tubular casing for the passage of a comminuting agent, a tube within said casin with a space between said casing and sai tube whereby said agent is divided into a primary and a secondary supply, a fuel nozzle within said tube, a removable and exchangeable deflector for gyrating said primary supply 10- cated behind said nozzle, a sleeve surrounding said nozzle and carrying said deflector, and means for moving said sleeve and said deflector longitudinally.

3. A fuel burner having, in combination, a tubular casing for the passage of a comminuting agent, a tube within said casing with a space between said casing and said tube whereby said agent is divided into a primary and a secondary supply, a fuel nozzle within said tube, a removable and exchangeable deflector for gyratin said primary supply located behind sai nozzle, a sleeve surrounding said nozzle and carrying said deflector, means for moving said sleeve and said deflector longitudinally, a heating mulile surrounding the burner outlet, an air passage therethrough, and apparatus to vary the amount of air passing through said passa e.

l. A fuel burner having, in combination, a tubular casing for the passage of a comminuting agent, atube within said casing with a space etween said casing and said tube whereby said agent is divided into a prlmary and a secondary supply, a fuel nozzle w1th1n said tube, a device for gyrating said agent located at such a distance behind said fuel nozzle that said agent will impinge upon the stream of fuel as it is leaving said nozzle, a sleeve surrounding said nozzle and carrying said device, and means for moving said sleeve and said device longitudinally.

5. A fuel burner having, in coinbmation, a tubular casing for the passage of a comminuting agent, a tube within said'casin with a space between said casing and said tube whereby said agent is divided into a primary and a secondary supply, a fuel nozzle within said tube, a device for gyrating said agent located at such a distance behind said fuel nozzle that said agent will impinge upon the stream of fuel as it is leaving said nozzle, a sleeve surrounding said nozzle and carrying said device, means for moving said sleeve and said device longitudinally, and an attachment for said tube whereby it can be adjustably held in a selected position.

6. A fuel burner having, in combination a tubular tapered casing for the passage of a comminuting agent, a tapered tube within said casing with a space between said casing and said tube whereby said agent is divided into a primary and a secondary supply, a fuel nozzle within said'tube, a device for gyrating said agent located at such a distance behind said fuel nozzle that said agent will impinge upon the stream of fuel as it is leaving said nozzle, a sleeve surrounding said nozzle and carrying said device, means for moving said sleeve and said device longitudinally, an attachment for said tube whereby it can be adjustabl gripped in selected position, a heating mu e surrounding the burner outlet, an air passage therethrough, apparatus to vary the amount of air passing through said passage, and means for heating the fuel before it reaches the fuel nozzle whereby it is raised to about its flash point before issuing from said nozzle.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

HUGH HUTCHISON. Witnesses Acmcs Gnmoun, MARY GREEN. 

